Definition Of nonwoven Fabric

Non woven fabric is a soft and porous product composed of one or multi-layers. The separated fibers may be preferentially oriented in one direction or may be deposited in a random manner. They are chemically, thermally or mechanically bonded into textile products. Nonwovens are mainly of plane structure. This relatively young branch of the textile industry developed greatly after World War II due to high productivity and the resulting cost savings.

Modern non-woven fabrics can be traced back to the early 1930s. At that time, some textile companies began to use adhesive materials to use cotton waste. The first commercial production of products, now called nonwovens, began in 1942 in the United States in an effort to produce fabrics directly from fibers. The market of non-woven products has experienced tremendous growth and has more potential.

Nonwovens may be classified as either disposable or durable goods. Disposable or non durable, nonwovens include such one-time use products as diapers, medical dressings, household wipes, and disposable protective clothing. Durable goods are used for apparel interfacing, automobile headliners, road underlayment, and carpets.

Raw Materials         

Fibres are selected on the basis of their properties and expected performance in end uses. New, first quality fibres are preferred over reused or reprocessed fibres. Both staple and filament fibres are used, and it is possible to blend fibres of different lengths as well as fibres of different generic groups. The selection of fibres depends on the product proposed, the care typically given it, and the expected or desired durability. As in the manufacture of all fabrics, the cost of the fibres used is important, as it in turn influences the cost of the final product.

The characteristics of nonwoven fabrics

A set of special properties that nonwoven fabrics may have depends on the combination of various factors in its production. The feature range is very wide.

a.The appearance of non-woven fabric can be paper, felt or similar to that of woven fabrics.

b.They may have a soft, elastic hand, or they may be hard, stiff, or broad and almost pliable.

c.They can be as thin as paper towels or many times thicker.

d.They can also be translucent or opaque.

e.Their porosity ranges from low tear and burst strength to very high tensile strength.

f.They can be made by gluing, hot bonding, or sewing.

g.The drape of this fabric is from good to poor.

h.Some fabrics have excellent washability; No other people. Some can be dry cleaned.

Development

Nonwovens are engineered to provide particular properties suited to desired end uses. For example, diapers can be constructed of two different layers of non-woven fabrics: an outer layer composed of wetting-agent treated polyester that will permit rapid fluid penetration, but with minimal lateral weaking, and an inner layer of absorbent rayon. Thin, high-filtration non-woven fabrics for surgical masks can be composed of micro denier fibres. Research continues in order to achieve or perhaps exceed certain properties of conventionally constructed cloth.

Usages Of Non-Woven Fabric

The use of non-woven products continues to expand. The many uses of nonwovens may be classified as disposables, durable consumer goods, and industrial materials. All these areas are making increasing use of this kind of merchandise because of its low cost and its suitability for many needs.

a.Disposable nonwovens are essentially made for one time use; but some, such as dust cloths, may be laundered and reused a few times.

b.General applications include personal hygiene products, such as diapers and sanitary napkins; medical products such as surgical gowns and drapes; surgical and industrial masks, bandages, wipes and towels; bibs and even costumes for special events.

c.Durable nonwovens have wide applications. Consumer durables include both household goods and home furnishings, such as for draperies, furniture upholstery, mattress padding, towels, table cloths, blankets and carpet backing and clothing and apparel, such as for caps, linings, interlinings, interfacings and the reinforcement of other fabrics.

d.Many industrial uses include filters, insulation, packing materials, roadbed stabilization sheeting or road-building materials geo-textiles and roofing products.

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